Book for manifold writing.



PATENTED MAY 5,- 1908.

. w. E. BASTERBROOKS.

BOOK F08 MANIFOLD WRITING.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 1, 1907.

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, AZ l m UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WALTER E. EASTEBBROOKS, OFWARWIGK, RHODE ISLAND, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, TO HIMSELF, AND ARNOLD A. WILKINSON AND JESSE W. OORDERY, BOTH OF PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND.

BOOK FOR MANIFOLD WRITING.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed February 1, 1907. Serial No. 355,209.

Patented-May 5, 1908.

A siding at Warwick, in the county of Kent and State of Rhode Island, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Books for Manifold Writing, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to t e accompanying drawing.

My invention relates to books for use in manifold writing and is illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

Flgure 1 is a perspective view of my said improved book and of the several kinds of the leaves thereof. Fig. 2 is a cross sectional view of a piece of the compound or coated leaf A, B, with a piece of the plain white leaf C laid in loose contact therewith. Fig. 3 is the same as Fig. 2, except that the operation of a encil or stylus oint thereon is illustrated to show the in entation of the lead O and of the coating B to disclose ortions of the black surface of the leaf A as ereinafter described.-

Like reference letters indicate like parts.

In Fig. 1 is shown a plurality of said compound .or coated leaves A, B, and of said plain white leaves C in alternation bound together in a book whose covers are designated D and E and the back of said book as F. Each of the sheets C has arow of perforations a: to facilitate the removal of said sheets from the book.

The second sheet of the series shown in Fig. 1, as bound .in the book has a smooth, White, calendered coating or surface, marked B in said figure, s read upon and covering the black surface 0 the sheet A, as presently explained. In said Fig. 1 a portion of said coating or surface B is represented as removed from the sheet A in order to disclose the black surface of the sheet A.

The com ound sheet A, B, is made as follows. On t eblack side of the leaf Ais spread a composition of'matter made preferably of five arts of lardoil or grease and one part of gfycerin, which, when coated upon the leaf A, is covered with ulverized French chalk and calendered. e chalk is laid on evenly and in sufficient quantity to absorb the liquid and to do so before the paper can absorb it. To make this delay in the absorption of the liquid by the paper, I prefer to give said black surface to the leaf A by printing the same thereon with an olea inous ink, or by a black calendered glaze. he glazing or oil 'pf the print partially destroys the bibulous orabsorptive property of the leaf A, so that when the grease and glycerin are appgied thereto, as aforesaid, they do not s1n into or penetrate the paper readily, and the immediate application of the chalk fully takes up the grease and glycerin and makes a pasty mass. Thus the white or outer side of the leaf A is not stained, discolored, or in any manner injuriousl affected. This mass of chalk mixed wit glycerin and the oil. or rease is brought to about the consistency o soa andis s read evenly over the leaf by a ro er, spatula, or other suitable implement. The surface or coat so formed is white, or nearly white, and is indicatedin the, drawing as'B, one edge thereof bein therein shown as'broken away in order to isclose the black surface of the leaf A.

The leaf A having thecoat or surface Bof soft greasy chalk is then subjected to calen dering rolls, or hot pressure plates, or-any other mechanical means known in the art of paper manufacture, and the white coating B 1s compressed, hardened and brought to or nearly to a polish or glaze, thereby presentthe ing a uniform and substantially white finish,

the interior ortions of the white coating B being somew ats'ofter than the outer surface. Upon writing with a pen or pencil upon one of the leaves C of common, white aper,

the pressure of the pen or pencil throug said leaf C of common, whitepaper makes corresponding marks up on themanifolding paper A, B, beneath. he portion of the white glazing or coating B, which receives this pressure, yields to the same and is broken through or spreadlaterally by the wedgelike pressure of the pen or pencil, and the black surface of. the leaf A shows through along the lines of such pressure, thus making an exact duplicate co y upon the manifolding leaf B of that whic is marked or written on the leaflO of common writing aper, the copy being visible and legible in lack lines upon the white ground. The pen- (or penc1l-) written lea C, which is the ori inal document, is removed and mailed, file or otherwise used, and the duplicate copy.

made upon the manifolding paper A, B, as described, is the copy reserved by the writer for his own files.

In Fig. 2 is shown on a reatly enlarged scale across sectional view ofa portion of the plain, thin, white leaf C, and also a portion of the coated, manifolding leaf A, B. The

plain, white leaf C has the upper surface 0 and the lower surface 0. The sheet or leaf A has the black, permanent surface a of dried ink or glaze and thewhite surface a, both of which surfaces (1 and a are smooth and calendered. B is the white coating made of said composition of matter, smooth and calendered, and detachable under pressure from the black surface a of the sheet A.

In Fig. 3 are represented on the same scale said leaves (1 and A and the said coating B and the said surfaces 0, c, a, a. G is a encil or similar writing instrument,having" a slightly blunted, conical point. The pen-: cil point resting upon the exposed page 0 of the leaf C of plain, white paper is pressed downward thereon and indents the same, thus forming the conical projection extending downward from the lower surface a of the leaf C. By the continued downward pressure of the pencil point, the apex of said paper projection is sunk through the soft glaze or coating B and s reads the latter radially, thus uncovering t e black, perma nent surface a of the manifolding leaf A, and any linear movement of the pencil point along the surface 0 of the leaf C will develop said apex or projection in a linear direction, and cause a lateral spread of the coating B, thus uncovering a corresponding portion of the bla k. permanent surface a of said leaf A. In this manner black lines will be disclosed through the white glaze or coating B, showing the black surface a of the leaf A in lines or points corresponding to those written upon the leaf C by the pencil or instrument G.

It is seen that by the use of my im roved paper, the carbon sheets common y employed for manifolding' are entirely dispensed with. This manner of duplicating writings is more clean and expeditious; and less expensive, than carbon copyin The result is far superior to the work (Tone by means of carbon paper. Whatever portion of the surface B of the manifolding leaf is broken up and loosened, although the loose particles thereof may temporarily adhere to the back of the pen- (or pencil-) written leaf.C as the result of the pressure of the pen (or pencil), do not disfigure the back 0 of the original leaf 0, because they are of the same color, white, as the color of the original leaf C, and having no longer any permanent adhering quality, are easily brushed off, or, if they remain thereon, do no harm.

The calendering or polishing process preserves the combination and gives the requiseems site conditions so that the permanent record cannot be erased or changed without dete'otion. The glycerin keeps the chalk and oil in a sufiiciently soft state to retain the manifolding quality of the aper as treated and also adds to the life of t e paper.

Instead of having the dark side of the leaf A black, it may be purple, green, blue, or other desirable color, by printing such selected color upon said leaf. Insteadof usin French chalk, good results may be secure by the use of finely powdered magnesia, clay, or similar pulverulent substance; and for lard oil or grease may-be substituted, in whole, or in part, paraffin, Japan wax, beeswax, or any other suitable material. I do not intend to confine myself to theuse of any of the materials named, as other substances and materials may be combined and used with substantially the same results, so far as the ability to transfer is concerned. The essential idea of my invention is a leaf of paper, having a black or colored surface, covered with a coating of a contrasting color, which coating is sufficiently hard to retain its finish, but sufiiciently soft to separate under the pressure of the point of a en or pencil or of the type of a typewriter an to disclose thereby t e color of the sheet beneath.

The foregoing method of manifold writing differs from the carbon method now commonly practiced, because in mine two sheets of paper are used instead of three, and the copy is not caused by a transfer of a colored material from an interposed sheet to the carbon-writtenor duplicate sheet, but a colored coatin material is removed trom the du licate s eet to disclose a contrasting co or wherever the said coating material has been so removed.

I claim as a novel and useful invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. The improved book for manifold writing herein described, consisting of the combination of a plurality ofleaves of thin, white aper, bound in alternation with other eaves of a er, each of which last named leaves is b ac on one pageand white on the other page, said black pa e being coated with a composition detachabi from said black page under pressure and made of an oleagicoated with a white substance, which coating is transferable from said manifolding leaf to the next adjacent thin, white leaf above the same by means of the pressure of said pencil 1 5 upon said adjacent thinQwhite leaf.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

WALTER E. EASTERBROOKS. Witnesses:

EDWARD A. S'rocKwELL, I'IOWARD A. LAMPREY.

or pointed instrument, applied to one of said whlteleaves, when said leaf is in contact with the said coated surface of the next adjacent leaf of manifolding paper.

3. The improved book for manifold writing herein described, consisting of the combination of a lurality of leaves of thin, white paper, suita 1e to receive the mark of a penoil and bound in contact with a plurality of manifolding leaves alternately in series, each of which lnanifolding leaves has a black page, 

